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11/08/10

= ﻿THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY, PLANTATIONS, AND COTTON IN THE MID-19TH CENTURY =



This image is a picture of an average sized, 1,000 acre, 19th centrury Alabama slave plantation if it were located in Malden, Massachussets. = HOW ﻿THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY, PLANTATIONS, AND COTTON IN THE MID-19TH CENTURY CAME TO BE = Slavery in America grew dramatically during the beginning and the middle of the 19th century. Since the climate in the South was warm and sunny, it was good for agriculture. Many white Americans grew crops such as tobacco, rice, sugar and cotton. But there were many complications with each of these crops that made them hard to grow. For example, Tobacco quickly exhausted fertile land that it grew on. Therefore the farmers had to move often -- which is difficult because money was hard to come by. Rice required a lot of irrigation and 9 months of cultivation. Sugar needed a lot of labor and an exstensive growing time. Long-staple cotton only grew on lilmited areas, such as the coastal regions of the Southeast. Short-staple crop for cotton grew regardless of the climate and soil; but there were more seeds and the difficulty of removing them was higher. But because of the invention of the cotton gin, the seeds could be easily removed from large amounts of cotton faster than if it were removed manually. Large demands of cotton were being made because of Englands own Industrial Revolution during the 1820's and 1830's. Right after that, America had it's own Industrial Revolution during the 1840's and 1850's, therefore New England had an increase demand for cotton. Increase in demand leads to increase in production of cotton.; increase of production then leades to increase of labor; and increase of labor leads to increase of slaves. During the 1820's, there



11/09/10 = ﻿SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN THE SOUTH =

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11/10/10 =﻿Preview of Chapter 12=

"Antebellum Culture and Reform" (316-337) "antebellum" (pre-civil war) = before war [ latin: ante - before, bellum - war ]
 * worked on creating a better, improved union
 * REFORM
 * Vision of "Utopia"
 * redefining gender roles

"temperance" restraint; moderation; avoiding excess temperance is NOT prohibition(getting rid off) //temperance movement was to reduce the amount of alcohol// PRO's & CON's of alcohol consumption
 * TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT**


 * PROS || CONS ||
 * stress reliever || stress reliever ||
 * "keep the cold out" || loss of focus ||
 * taste/enjoyment || miscarriages ||
 * || liver damage ||
 * || cause of riot ||
 * || dependancy ||
 * || public drunkeness ||
 * || addiction leads to poverty ||
 * || forsaken by friends ||
 * || desperation and crime ||
 * || violence ||
 * || domestic abuse ||
 * || loss of respect [ social downfall ||

"The Drunkards Progress" illustrates the progression of any man who happens to drink. 1 being the okay level and 9 being the extremely terrible level.

THE REFORM MOVEMENTS

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11/18/10

Danielle Aguinaldo 11/16/10 AP US History Chapter 12 Questions

** 1) **** To what extent was the abolition movement united/divided? **

The abolition movement was united because people were supporting the same cause, which was to end slavery. It was divided in a sense that there were people who wanted slaves and people who didn’t want it at all.

** 2) **** To what extent was this reform era successful for women? **

It was not very successful because in the end, women still did not get the rights that they wanted. Though they were able to achieve some recognition from males, it was not enough to fully write down that women deserve this or that in the Bill of Rights, or the Constitution. But, they created many very successful reform movements, such as the abolition and temperance movement.

** 3) **** What are the three most important lessons about attempting to enact change that we can learn from this reform era? Explain your choices. **

I think that the most important lessons about attempting to enact change that we can learn from this reform era is that there will always be people who oppose the movement. You really need patience. Also, there needs to be some strong support from the people to really get things going. Refrain from hostility. Violence begets violence. Because the abolisionists felt so strongly about getting rid of violence, they were rushing to get rid of it. Also, violence might be out of desperation. You can’t be too demanding

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS THEME: “How much how fast?” Imidiate v. gradual Results come after a while from the actual movement One step at a time REAL SUCCESS = LAWS à THAT ARE ENFORCED

** 4) **** Who were the winners and losers of this reform era? Explain your choices. **

//__ Losers: __// Women Because they did not achieve the rights that they wanted

//__ Winners: __// All who yearned for education Education became a successful movement, therefore all who want education is allowed to get it (besides blacks) Men They’ve always technically been winners because they have high authority over women; and have many rights Abolitionists: Abolition was a slightly successful movement because it had MANY people who were involved

11/19/10

p. 340 "Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850" Before 1810, settlement was mainly around the 13 colonies. By 1820-1830, settlements had spread West a little. Then by 1830-1850, many had spread throughout the west due to the Louisiana Purchase's addition of new land. The east was the most settled area, while the west mainly unsettled.

p. 345 "Western Trails in 1860" The western trails were a sign of improvement with communication and transportation. The more advanced east is transporting people and things to the west, which was still getting settled. The trails are "California Trail, Mormon Trail, Oregon Trail, Butterfield Overland Trail, Emigrant Trail, and Old Spanish Trail." Each trail had a specific purpose, be it for religion, money, communication, commerce, and such.

p. 347 "The Oregon Boundary, 1846" Disputes with Great Britain and the United States about who had authority over Oreagon occured in 1846. The treaty line became 49th parallel, though the desire was to claim the aread between 54-50 (which introduced the American slogan against Britain "54-40 or fight." Britain was able to claim the area north of Oregon, around Canada. While America wanted the land south near/in America.

p. 349 "The Mexican War, 1846-1848" Mexican's only won one battle, battle of San Pasqual. They also had only one advance, Santa Anna in 1847. Capture of Mexico City was in 1847. There were about 13 battles that Americans had won.

America and Mexico was in a war because of another contested border in 1846. They had fought for the southern region, around present day Texas. Mexico lost all but one battle, which shows how powerful America is against them.

p. 350 "Southwestern Expansion, 1845-1853" The border of America was completed in 1853 after America had gained land from winning the Mexican War; and also after the Mexican Cession in 1848."

p. 354 "Slave and Free Territories under the Compromise of 1850" North east and west were all free slave territories besides Utah. The South east were all slave states and territories


 * the clear distinction between the slave and free, (sectionalism) is bound to cause a Civil war because
 * the two have completely different society structure
 * popular sovereignty brings forth the Compromise of 1850 -- Utah and New Mexico chose to be neutral
 * federal gov't decided to give the power of decision to the states themselves whether they should be slaved or free
 * ^ was a bad and risky idea --> Bleeding Kansas

America was progressing from east to west, but then all of a sudden California is settled. Why? Because of the Gold Rush, and also because it was next to a huge body of water (helpful for trade and such).

11/23/10 = ﻿ GLOG for CHAPTER 13 REVIEW =

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12/03/10 =﻿How were geography and geographioc locations extremely important during the Civil War?=

Key places: New Orleans - Confederate Port Mississippi River - way of transportation Blockade - deprived S of supplies Shiloh Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland - key places where battles occured Gettysburg

Fought mostly in South homeland advantage for S disadvantage for N South was destroyed

Virginia had railroads which made transportation easy for escaping or aiding battles

12/06/10 =﻿PERSPECTIVES OF THE CIVIL WAR=

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12/07/10 commander in chief went to library and literally studied military tactics was mad that freemont ... relieved freemont of his duties son died and took a bit of a leave because he didn't feel very in the mood was then consumed by war battle at carnage = total war ^ turning point of purpose for war --> adress slavery sept 22 1862 Emancipation Proclamation -- more symbolic Battle of Gettysburg - first battle of war, IMP because it was supposed to be a win, but so much life was lost Ran for president 1860 and had to run for re-election 1864 (but some souther states couldn't vote) [McClellan ran againts him and said he'd want to reach a compromise with South] Union capturing Atlanta = helping Lincoln win presidency became sympathetic to man and wanted charity for all granted black men right to vote
 * Lincoln didn't have the power to end slavery (its a state right) BUT because southern states are in a state of rebellion, he had the right to stop their rebellion.

andrew johnson was first president to be assigned the seat because of a murder of the pres (DEMOCRAT) opposite of Lincoln -- from South, owned slaves, was taken by Lincoln people didn't see him as a legitamate president "closed in personality," stubborn personality influenced his decision most racist president RECONSTRUCTION was a great crisis (bringing south back) Radical republican -- south should be punished and free slaves should be given the right to vote Congress leaves to go home, and Johnson takes over decision for Reconstruction thinks that just because he freed the slaves and brought Confeds together, he's solved Reconstruction freed slaves weren't granted the right to vote because Johnson quickly accepted South back and the white Southerners didn't accept blacks freedmen's beruea by Congress and vetoed it bills 29 times Congress could verride Johnsons veto was IMPEACHED by violating the Tenure of Office Act Congress kept overrind his veto

Grant-- hero of Appomatox 1869 became president -- Republican Blacks could now VOTE! adrenaline JUNKY & frequent cigar smoker thought of his presidency as a continuation of his power for military "Let Us Have Peace" -- campaign slogan -- Irony KKK -- nativists (crushed by Grant!) 1872 most peaceful warm ... but it's like the eye in the storm Grant was oblivious to all the scandals of his subordinates Got 2nd term by popularity among the people 1873 economic devastation -- Grant failed to act