Unit+1


 * UNIT 1 : CHAPTERS 1-5 **







THE CHESAPEAKE REGION
9/14/10

The Chesapeake Bay included what is today Pennsylvania, West Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. The a major colony that settled in the Chesapeake region named the Virginia Company (formally known as the London Company) The Virginia Company faced many difficulties; but from those difficulties arose the discovery of tobacco. Tobacco drew the attraction of English farmers, therefore increasing the population of Virginia. Not only did the population increase, but also the demand for expansion of land because tobacco plantations required a large portion of soil. For keeping a plantation, a large amount of labor is needed, and that's when the headright system was created. The headright system emerged is when every immigrant who immigrates to Virginia gains 1 acre of land; and with this, Virginia gained more settlers and shillings a year. Population went from 4,000 to 40,000 by 1660 and expansion was necessary. They expanded to the Indian territories causing many battles and conflicts. The Indians were no match for the English military and therefore, they agreed to sign a treaty for more land.

** Anne Hutchinson & the Puritans ** 9/14/10

what was her problem with them? What was their problem with her? Results? So what?

Anne Hutchinson was an intelligent woman and had strong views about who had a right to be in the congregations. She believed that many, almost all, of the clergy were nonelect--had not undergone a conversion experience. Not only was she accusing, but she was also preaching and gathering people. She gained many support from men, women, and descendants of many sorts. She and her followers were so influential that they were able to stop the election reelection of Winthrop as governor in 1636. She was put on trial for heresy the following year,

** ﻿ **** Different Types of Colonies in America ** 9/15/10

1) //Royal//-- Colonies established and directly ruled by Britain or by governors and members of the uppers house appointed by England. 2) //Proprietary//-- Established and ruled by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land. 3) //Chartered//-- Colonies established by groups of settlers who had been given a charter or a grant of rights and privileges. 4) //self-governing//-- colonies with an elected legislature, in which politicians are able to make most decisions without reference to the colonial power with formal or nominal control of the colony. In almost all cases self-governing colonies have responsible government.

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9/17/10 = ﻿ BIRTH & DEATH RATE FACTORS =

**__ DEATH RATE __**

-Inadequate food -frequent epidemics -early death -diseases (malaria) -salt contaminated water -tobacco smoking -slave revolts -unpredictable climate -surgery with dirty instruments -infections during child birth -inexperienced doctors -unhygienic -limited resources -food shortages (communists countries-gov't policies) -war

**__ BIRTH RATE __**

17th century--> pop. ^ to 1/4 of a million (25% Africans) immigration reproduction life expectancy--> men-71 women-70 cool climate relatively free disease environment clean water absence of large pop. that might breed epidemic immunity to diseases nearly equal # of men & women --> sex --> babies intermarriage better medical knowledge

9/17/10 **﻿SOCIAL MOBILITY﻿ **

 ** definition: ** To be able to change your status in a social hierarchy based on wealth, education, occupation, and other social factors.


 * companies that were granted a charter to establish colonies were striving for social mobility too
 * the King and the Parliament wanted social mobility in their country so they established many acts so that England would gain from the colonies
 * Proprietors wanted social mobility too and had taxes paid from the people who lived on their land.
 * Social mobility is still applied today because people who are wealthy, have great education and occupation are considered the top of our social hierarchy
 * it changes frequently where the top of the hierarchy can become at the bottom or the bottom can get to the top
 * to stay at the top, or at your level, hard work is essential and must be consistent
 * entertainment --> luck, skill, or talent to be on top from the opinions of the people
 * born into it but can change it through hard work or no work at all.

9/20/10

HOW SOCIAL MOBILITY & DEATH AND BIRTH RATE TIE TOGETHER
People immigrate to colonies to get social mobility & want to be higher up in the social hierarchy. Increase in birth rate means increase in job competition which leads to more jobless people/^ in lower social hierarchy. Death rate lowers competition for jobs and decreases the money gained because plantation owners need a lot of laborers/slaves.
 * poor people were most likely to die because their conditions are bad
 * wealthy people were most likely to live longer because they have access to good food, shelter and medical supplies

9/23/10

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9/24/10

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9/24/10 = ﻿FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR = MAP ANALYSIS P.111:
 * North America- 1763 after the French and Indian War (a.k.a. Seven Years' War)
 * Britian gained more land (i.e. eastern half of America)
 * The French owned a small piece of land (i.e. few islands in the Caribbean)
 * English settlements were only the 13 colonies bordered by a red line
 * British half still had Indian Reserve and Spanish Florida
 * North Western was unexplored territory

9/28/10 = ﻿**DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WORDLE** =

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 * STATES--** The Declaration of Independence declares independence from Great Britain. They want to turn from being a colony to becoming states.
 * LAWS--** Laws were created in order to have life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; so that if the government was not protecting these rights, the people(below) could overthrow. Needed order in the new independent nation. It gave the nation the right to levy war, make peace, make alliences with foreign nations, conduct trade, and do anything else the nations do.
 * PEOPLE--** The people had a say in the governement and each person had a right to life, liberty and the persuit of happiness.
 * COLONIES--** Before the states became states, they're colonies first. But colonies still have to deal with the new changes of the declaration of independence because they're part of the nation
 * GOVERNMENT--** The government and its people would run the new independent nation.
 * RIGHT--** This new independent nation gave the people rights that they didn't have when they were controlled by Great Britain. They would have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
 * POWERS--** It gave the nation and its people power.

9/30/10 ** ﻿ASSUMPTIONS OF REPUBLICANISM ** pg. 149
 * active citizens in the political process
 * powers from the people not from a king
 * people who earn their success, & it's not given to them, independent
 * should all be property owners
 * all are equal (white males)
 * equal opportunities, born w/ equal rights [not necessarily equal conditions/life]
 * ^ Republicanism had too high of an expectation from its peoples
 * BAD ASSUMPTION --> can't expect the same exact things from many different people
 * social hierarchy was always changing = inconsistent economy
 * expectation for children not being born to success failed.
 * wanted to set up a MERITOCRACY (what you have is based on your talents) --> enlightenment idea (what you get is what you deserve)


 * political system, power from people

10/4/10

CENTRALIZED or DECENTRALIZED

 * education/school should be decentralized
 * taxes should be centralized because if everyone had different taxes, it might result in conflicts
 * war & foreign affairs should be centralized
 * rights should be centralized
 * economics/banks are centralized
 * health care should be centralized
 * expansion should be centralized because states can't spread by themselves
 * disasters centralized is its a big problem and decentralized if its a small problem