Unit+6



1/31/10

Chapter 23 : WWI
Started because Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed. Germany was blamed for WWI ... and WWII War in Europe: GOOD & BAD Good: shipment of supplies provided by America nice boom for the American economy Bad: Germany was not happy = submarine wars

1/31/10

Include step, description, analysis, and image.

 * Tried to remain neurtal, "impartial in thought as well as deed." -Wilson.
 * But that couldn't happen because there were economic ties to many countries.Trade was ongoing because America just had their industrial boom yet again. They thought it was okay to trade with Britain since they were a "neutral" country. Then German attack on British's Lusitania killed 100+ American angered the U.S. and tension rose enough to push Wilson to declare war.
 * "Unrestricted Warfare"
 * Wilson tried to create a rational as to why America should enter war. So he said "The U.S. had no material aims in the conflict. Rather, the nation was committed to using the war as a vehivle for constructing a new world order, one based on the asme progressice ideals that had motivated the reform in America."
 * Germany had several plans to make America enter into war inevitably. They were going to list major assaults on enemy lines in France. At the same time they would begin unrestricted submarine warfare.
 * February 25th, Zimmerman Telegram --> wanted Mexico to go againts America for the land that was taken from them. (back-fired)
 * Woodward Wilson, on April 2nd, announced a decleration of war after the germans had torpedoed 3 American ships. They helped out Great Britain from losing more ships, allying them at the battle overseas. There was not enough men for an army and therefore the Selective Service Act was passed and drafted a great number of men.
 * Russian Revolution --> Russia dropped out and freed additional German troops to fight on the western front.
 * April 6th 1917, America joins the war to ally Great Britain.

2/07/11

Chapter 24: "THE NEW ERA" - The Roaring 2O's (peaceful decade @ 1920; 1930 = Great Depression --> juxtaposition)

 * "//Affluence//" - wealth and prosperity
 * "//Conservatism//" - idea of valuing the status quo and tradition (not wanting too much change)
 * "//Cultural fivolity//" - spenging, leisure, socializing, consumerism, entertainment
 * "flapper" - new type of women; dressing fancier (shorter heair and dresses) and moved into a styhlish high society
 * tension b/w conservatism and change (CONSERVATISM V EXPERIMENTATION)
 * //social, economic, and political change + technology growth//
 * Sound Motion Picture; The Jazz Singer
 * Commercial radio station
 * Early Computers
 * Time Magazine
 * KKK peak of membership = no integration of races
 * "Welfare Capitalism" - better wages and shorter workweek
 * "Pink-Collar" jobs --> jobs for women (usually small jobs)
 * Agricultural Technology - mechanized farming
 * GROWING mass consumption -- people could afford to buy the necessary //needs// AND some additional unecessaries to accomodate their //wants//
 * modernist religion

2/8/11

The Decline of the "Self-Made Man"

 * "Self-Made Man" - the idea that any person could, simply through hard work and innate talent, achieve wealth and renown
 * Now, people needed education to get a good job
 * GO TO PG. 472 FOR "SELF-MADE MAN"
 * "myth" because people who became very successful began their careers form positions of wealth and privilege

2/8/11

The Cinema (p649)

 * Despite the fact that England and France also had cinema, the U.S. became more famous because they actually created a film "industry"
 * The production and distribution of American films were much greater than those of other states:
 * 700 feature films a year that Hollywood produced in 1920
 * 70% were seen in France
 * 80% in Latin America
 * 95% in Canada and Great Britain
 * The dominance of the market was in part of the result of the WWI -- despite that fact that other nations had it, those nations only helped benefit American market
 * **It was the most influencial cultural export sent all around the world**
 * After WWII, French "new wave" helped spawn a new genetration of highly individualistic directors in the U.S.
 * European's used the porccupine like American's used Mickey Mouse
 * Regardless of the ever evolving technology in the fiml industry, America still dominated

2/10/11

The Dance Halls

 * Some go there to show off their new clothes and hair
 * **Jazz** music played in the dance halls = dancing (improv. on music attracted attention)
 * Showed off individuality and comsumerism
 * Dance Halls are a sort of symbolism for 1920's
 * Segregated (conservisitism - keeping things traditional w/ segregation)

My Notes for Ch 24...


 * Economic organization: "the great, unrealized dream of the New Era was to find a way to stabilize the economy so that such collapses would never occur again"
 * "minimum comfort level"
 * Welfare Capitalism: paternalistic techniques --> shortened workweek, raused wages, and instituted paid vacations
 * --> " " survived only as long as the industry prospered
 * "pink collar" low-paying service occupations usually taken by women
 * A. Philip Randolph (black) - founded the Brotherhood of Car Porters (members are black) was able to win some gains: increased wages, shorter working hours, etc.
 * Other races were still seen as inferior and legislations passed laws to try to prevent them from further happiness and success (ex: CA passing laws in 1913 and 1920 to make it more difficult for Japanese "Issei" and "Nisei" to buy land because their small business was profiting well.
 * "American Plan" (crusade for open shop: shop where no workers could join a union) DIDN'T WORK
 * government intervened and tried to stop the opposition, picketing, rebellions, strikes, etc. lowered amount from 5 mil, to 3 mil
 * Mechanized Farming: Tractors = more production of crops w/ fewer people
 * produced more than sold = surplus --> income drop in farmers
 * "parity" - farmers get paid at least their production costs nmhow the national or world agricultural market might fluctuate
 * //McNary-Hungen Bill -// parity on grain, cotton, tobacco, and rice = VETOED
 * Consumerism & its Growth : people could buy the necessary, and UNnecessary to fuel their wants and not just needs
 * Automobile = escape from isolation in farm life, escape from congestion of urban life, expanded geographical horizons,
 * helped with "the emergence of a distinctive and well-developed youth culture in many communities
 * Advertising was majorly responsible for the ^ of comsumerism
 * info wasn't only published, but products, glamor, personal fulfillment, etc
 * SEE NOTES ON CINEMA (above)
 * "New professional woman" - married women could also take on jobs ( a VERY small amount of women) but many still though men and women had jobs suitable for their gender

2/10/11

Herbert Hoover's Presidency

 * Commerce Secretary for both Harding and Coolidge
 * Due to his long years as the secretary, he was eligable and elected as president
 * "Hoover's 'Associationalism'" -- (national organization for bussiness) wanted people to work together, exchange info and efficient ways of doing things, sharing some resources
 * Hoover believes in //"laissez faire"// -- minimal gov't interferance

2/10/11

Top 10 Key Terms for C24

 * 1) //Welfare Capitalism:// paternalistic techniques --> shortened workweek, raused wages, and instituted paid vacations
 * //--> " " survived only as long as the industry prospered//
 * 1) //Consumerism:// people could buy the necessary, and UNnecessary to fuel their wants and not just needs
 * 2) //Ku Klux Klan: (nativism)//
 * 3) //Decline of Self-Made Man:// the idea that any person could, simply through hard work and innate talent, achieve wealth and renown
 * //Now, people needed education to get a good job//
 * //"myth" because people who became very successful began their careers form positions of wealth and privilege//
 * 1) //Changes in culture//
 * 2) //Conservatism://
 * 3) //Prohibition://

2/11/10 Class discussion

How does the stock market work? What role does it play in the economy?
You buy a share of a company, and that means that you own a part of that company. Why would you buy it? You hope that the money you invested in will go up, and you can sell it to get more. You invest, and hope that it pays off. Price can go up and down depends on how much a person is willing to pay for it. (when more and more people buy that stock. the price ^^) People can wait days, weeks, months. or years to wait until they want to sell depending on how much they want to earn. Really depends on how many people buy it, and sell it. (supply and demand --> when less is available, the price goes up)
 * During 1920's, consumerism was at a high and company's though people would KEEP buying their products. They didn't think that people would stop buying.**
 * Stock market crashed on October 1929 because company's kept overproducing, not selling their products, and not making as much money.** (Workers lose their job because they already don't need to make any more money, workers don't get $, workers can't buy anything, company's don't gain money b/c workers can't buy it) **The money went to products that didn't get sold.**

//Why does a company go public?// To make money.

__In the 20's, stock was great. Kept increasing. People though they were rich, but they only had value. They were only able to get money if they sell it.__ EX: Ford kept making cars and ended up overproducing.
 * Stock broker - middleman --> buy stock from company, sell it back to the company, then it's the company's job to sell it to someone else. (it's they're fault if they can't sell it again to someone else)

Websites for stocks: CSCO MSFT GOOG AAPL

g

2/14/11

· Overproduction + over exspansion à too much supply · Declining exports à low demand for US goods from overseas · Too much borrowing (esp. farmers) · Shaky banking system = risky & unregulated § (Banks make money by getting mortgages and business loans) (too risky giving too much loan = might not get money back) · Global debt structure à //result of WWI// · Too much economic focus on only a few industries à automoiles & construction · A small % of Americans controlled a high % of the $$ · Over speculation on stocks à risky amounts · Stock market crash
 * CAUSES OF THE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN **

· Major banking collapse · Layoffs · Businesses are shrinking because they lose their job
 * STEPS TO MAKE A DOWNTURN INTO A DEPRESSION **

· Development/offer of new jobs · Consumer spending starts again · Healthy loans & banks
 * HOW DOES A DEPRESSED ECONOMY START AGAIN? **


 * HOW DOES THE GOV'T REGULATE ECONOMY? **
 * Gov't regulation of business **
 * Banking regulation (banks are only allowed to lend a low percentage of their asset)
 * setting limits to the loans it gives
 * Shift government spending to try to create jobs
 * Massive government employment programs
 * Roosevelt's //New Deal// legislation à  fedral gov't would be the main re gulator of the economy and businesses

2/15/11

HOOVER'S ATTEMPT TO FIGHT DEPRESSION!

 * the second "New Deal"
 * (Agricultural Marketing Act ***gov't buying //surpluses// in order to prevent prices to be too low**
 * Haley Smoot Tariff) didn't work that well -- ^ tariff so Americans buy American good == foreign nations do reciprocal == slowed world trade
 * //Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) --//helped provide several jobs, gave gov't money tp the economy though loans to banks and businesses, "sat on money because they didn't spend much" LIMITED AND INEFFECTIVE
 * Great Depression and New Deal
 * Public Work's Projects -- schools, streets, parks, hospitals, etc. Created jobs
 * Hoover can't win reelection because of the Bonus Army, Farmers Holiday, and the emergence of FDR

HOOVER'S FALLOUTS:
"Hoover Hotel" - cardboard shack "Hooverville" - collection of cardboard shacks "Hoover flag" - empty pocket turned inside out

CH25

People felt responsible for what was happening even though it wasn't really their fault radio etc helped people cope a little bit with their bad situation movies helped people escape people's problems

media type="custom" key="8392034"

2/18/11 =New Deal Programs Power Point=

media type="custom" key="8511510"

3/1/11 =﻿LEGACIES OF THE NEW DEAL=


 * 1) Social Security
 * 2) FDIC -- restoring trust in the banks
 * 3) Agricultureal Adjustment Administration (AAA)
 * 4) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
 * 5) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
 * 6) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
 * 7) Civil Works Administration (CWA)
 * 8) Works Progress Administration (WPA)
 * 9) Emergency Banking Act --> created "bank holiday"
 * 10) p706. Electoral Reallignment --> "Democrats controlled a broad coalitiong of western and southern farmers, the urban working classes, the poor and unemployd, and the black communities of the northern cities, as well as traditional progressices and committed new liberals." (Democrats had a strong control for over 50 years)

The Idea of the "Broker State" p714
 * Role of federal gov't changede drastically, became more of a regulator and more of a care taker
 * 1) p709 "...the real achievement of the New Deal was to elevatge and strengthen new interest groups so as to allow them to compete more effectively in the national marketplace"
 * 2) p709 "Thus, one of the enduring legacies of the New Deal was to make the federal gov't a protector of interest groups and a supercisor of the competition among them, rather than an instrument attempting to create a universal harmony of interests."
 * helped elevate new groups-workers, farmers, and others-to positions from which they could challened the power of corporations

3/1/11

Roosevelt's Recession
cut down WPA deficit spending (spending money they didn't have)