Unit+4.











12/13/10

** THE CONQUEST OF THE FAR WEST **

**Far west: **west of the Mississippi river Very diverse -- desert, plains, mountain range, climate/weather

**Economic **

**Chinese **: Worked hard for low income. Made 90% of Pacific side, well-organized, hard working, "coolies" indentured servants whose condition was close to slavery. Were hated because they took the jobs from other Americans --> Chinese Exclution Act (banned any Chinese immigrants for ten years; was renewd every ten years) because they didn't speak english, were viewed as inferior.

﻿Attracted trade with easterners, native Americans used EVERY part of Buffalo's while Americans only used a small amount of their body.
 * **Key terms ** || **Definition ** || **Importance ** ||
 * **Buffalo ** || Provided economic basis for Plain Indian’s life || Trade btwn Indians + US, popular fad

<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">it was the Native Americans food source <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">eventually got killed off

**<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">symbol/micrososm of Americans taking over and eventually killing off Indians ** || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"> <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">﻿For every mile laid, gov't sold land beside it at bargained prices in order to encourage settlement in the west
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Transcontinental Road || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">1865-9 employed Chinese workers for cheap labor by the Central Pacific. || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Major economic accomplishment, 90% of Pacific side built by Chinese

<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Primary mode of transportation || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Comstock Lode in Washoe, Nevada 1860-80 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Black Hills, S Dakota 1874 || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Mining booms in the west that transformed the region into cities overnight. They are short-lived booms that reaped a lot of money. Comstock Lode ($306 mil) 1st major silver deposit. (443) || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Early economical booms of the West. Also explained gender imbalance b/c gold attracted single men (usu. outlaws) || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Ranching || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Rise of cattle industry in the west à “cowboys” highly admired by those in the East || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Led to railroad constructions. Competition w/ farmers who raised sheep 4 land. declined after droughts ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Colorado Rush of 1859
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Cattle Kingdom
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Chilsolm Trail || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Trail used by cowboys to bring cattle from ranches à trading places || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Southern TX à Kansas ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Sand Creek Massacre || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">US Militia destroyed Indian ter., Indians attacked stagecoaches. over 100 Indians massacred in battle || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A good % of the killed were women and children ||

**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.5pt;">﻿ ****<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.5pt;">Frontier ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;">"An empty land awaiting settlement and civilazation; a place of wealth, adventure, opportunity, and untrammeled individualism; a place of fresh beginnings and bold undertakings." (401)

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12pt;">An imaginary line where there's opportunity, resources, etc. It's a land where you'd have to make it yourself. it's not all there to take advantage of. It's "uninhabited"

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Two Column: __CHAPTER 16__ **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">//“The Conquest of the Far West”// pg. 433 **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Comments/Connections/Questions || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Topic: The Conquest of the Far West ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Because travelers went west and said it was a deserted place

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Oregon Trail, California Trail, etc.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Not really a frontier because there were Indians

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Yup. That’s the myth of the “frontier”

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Railroads, communication (telegraph), through entrepreneurs, etc. || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">· Many English-speaking American’s were scared to travel west

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">· Mid-1840’s, migrants like farmers, miner, or ranchers settled west and challenged the reasons why to be scared

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">· West not the “Great American Desert” anymore, it was the “ //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">frontier” //

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">· //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Frontier: //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> an empty land awaiting settlement and civilization; a place of wealth, adventure, opportunity, and untrammeled individualism

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">· Myth and Reality:

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">- Myth: deserted land <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">- Reality: Indians

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">· English-speaking Americans connected S with growing capitalist economy of East ||

12/20/10 =﻿CONNECTIONS to CAPITALISM, SOCIAL DARWINISM, GOSPEL of WEALTH AND INEQUALITY= Capitalism: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">means of production = capital = $ and goods (machinery, sources) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">controlled by private businesses - individuals and small gorups, not the government <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">favors who ever is succesful, benefits the owner not the gov't <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">class-based system -- owners at the top, workers below -- whoever controls the capital has the most power <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">wide variety of success level -- your wealth is based in your hands <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">supply & demand -- if there is a demand, people start making it. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">in all capitalist, invisible hand: the economy is self-regulating - govt intervention is not necessary because through business competition, self-interest, and supply & demand, a capitalist economy runs smoothly on its own - THEORY of free-market capitalism - LAISSEZ FAIRE capitalism. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">"let be" or "lands off" in terms of govt intervention/regulation An economic system based on money and goods, where the means of production is controlled by privately owned groups as opposed to the government. The excessive desire for money. It is the means of exchange of one thing for another. It is based on the principle of individual rights, and it's the excahnge of goods or supplies between bussinesses and people. People always have a demand, and therefore supplies are made by companies or workersAmerica has been running it's economy through a capitalistic economybusinesses that thrive and are successful are always favored

SOCIAL DARWINISM


 * strong/successful survive -- meaning of capitalismfits in perfectly with the class based system of capitalism
 * strong/successful survive -- meaning of capitalismfits in perfectly with the class based system of capitalism
 * strong/successful survive -- meaning of capitalismfits in perfectly with the class based system of capitalism

GOSPEL OF WEALTH:


 * "helping poor people help themselves"


 * INEQUALITY:**

12/21/10 =CHAPTER 18 REVIEW "The Age of th City"= First couple pages --> graphs/maps dealing with population and demographics and its incrase in the 1900 Tenements = cramped living conditions "Strains of Urban Life" : increase of settlement in the city = crowded and terrible conditions --> poverty, crime and violence

1/03/11

<span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">AP US History Chapter 18 Questions

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -12pt; vertical-align: baseline;">1) **What were the positives and negatives of urbanization?**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Urbanization occurred too rapidly, therefore conditions in urban cities were unsanitary and far too crowded + increase in population = more workers for jobs - housing, transportation ,sewers, social services, governments lagged because cities grew too rapidly + Since it attracted so many, the cities filled with urbanization became cities of wealth and of great civic projects. - Different ethnic groups were integrating, and this enormous diversity in the nation often caused formation of hostile groups and significant tensions. Nativism was occurring. + Centers of education and intellectual life - Crime, fire, diseases, indigence, and pollution all strained the capacities of metropolitan institutions.The government’s and private institutions were ill equipped for a response. - It was a problem for transportation because the streets were often too narrow for heavy traffic - Environmentally degradation -- great fires, dangers of diseases and plagues, fecal maters seeping to the ground water (where they get drinking water), and pollution of lakes and rivers occurred - Number of people = people would not be able to earn enough for decent subsistence - High crime rates

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2) **During the “Age of the City,” how did American consumer culture** **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">//(what’s going on with people buying stuff)// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">and leisure culture each change? ** <span style="background-color: transparent; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">National Consumers League (part of consumer protection movement) tried to mobilize power of women as consumers to force better wages + working conditions
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">leisure turned from scorned days of laziness to a right and an important contribution to health in the eyes of citizens
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">newly overcome problems with scarcity gave economies enough wealth to satisfy everyone (according to Simon Patten)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">public leisure became popular (especially in cities) b/c people wanted entertainment with other people
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">working-class spent leisure time out on the streets & in saloons that eventually became political centers since they were so often visited
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4th of July = one of few full days of leisure --> important to working class --> large (ethnic) organized events (except middle class who stayed at home or went for picnics)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mail-order catalogs introduced the newest trends to rural areas
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">women turned into generally the primary consumers in families
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">middle-class culture had a greater influence + advanced rapidly
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">more interest in personal style + broader market due to more affordable products and new merchandising techniques (like ready-made clothes in stores)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">shopping was more glamorous, especially in department stores could also be viewed as another source of “leisure”
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">baseball turned into the “national pastime” --> Major League Baseball created as an important business + great national preoccupation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">tons of gambling.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">emerging college football
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">many ethnic communities had theaters --> introduced musical comedies
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Vandeville = most popular urban entertainment w/ a variety of acts + black performers too
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">short films in “peep shows” turned to popular largely-projected films (usually plotless) in theaters
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">boxing = popular for men, especially bare-knuckled fights that “demonstrated strength and courage”
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">cities became sites for wealthy civic projects:

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Public parks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Museums <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Theaters <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Opera houses <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Monumental railroad stations <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Imposing libraries <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 67pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Great boulevards

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3) What is the difference between popular culture and high culture? Explain with specific details and examples. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">popular culture was what the general public was experiencing while high culture was what the rich and upper class were experiencing
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the overall quality of life improved for everyone but it was far better for the rich
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the new industrialization focused all the wealth in the corporations and urbanization focused all the wealth in the cities
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">this led to differences among the experiences of different people in the city
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the poor experienced the tenements and slums while the rich had the new skyscrapers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">most people went to things like baseball games and the emerging college football games
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the poor were more likely to do simpler things for the fourth of July while the rich did more “respectable” activities

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4) What changes in education occurred during this “Age of the City?” **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There was a spread of public education in the late 19th century.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was because the American society was becoming dependant on skills and scientific knowledge for functioning which demanded higher education.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Public education spread from 1860 there was only 100 public high schools to 1914 where there were over 12,000.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The mandatory school attendance laws were approved of in 31 states.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A college mostly intended for African Americans was established in the 1870s.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">More colleges and universities were emerging and benefited from the Morrill Land Grant Act which the federal government donates land to states for the establishment of colleges.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Many states took advantage of the Land Grant and establish many state colleges.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Universities gained millions of dollars donated by business and financial figures.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Most public schools accepted women as students but for higher education few opportunities were actually available.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There were a few co-educational colleges after the civil war but a system of women’s colleges emerged: Vasar, Wellesley, Smith, Bryn Mawr, Wells, and Goucher.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Some larger private colleges/universities actually created separate colleges for women on their campuses.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The growth of female education helped them have opportunities for new positions in society.

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5) How was urbanization related to industrialization? **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">During the time of the Second Industrial Revolution in America, many new inventions and methods for doing tasks were being introduced to the nation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Steel industry: the ability to make stronger, more efficient buildings, would eventually lead to the construction of skyscrapers and other major structures in the American city
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Creation and advancement of transportation (cars, railroads, etc.) gave many an opportunity to be able to travel
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As a result of these great industrial changes, people started to migrate to the cities from all across the nation and even other parts of the world, creating a spur in urbanization.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There, they could find jobs (in factories, businesses, shops, etc.), as well as escape what they saw as the “boredom” of rural, agrarian life and find new forms of entertainment.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As centers of education and wealth, the cities attracted many artists and writers, as well as made them open locations for major civic projects (Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux with New York’s Central Park, the “City Beautiful” movement, the “Back Bay” in Boston, etc.).

1/5/11 =Chapter 20:The Imperial Republic= //imperialism// -- extending a nation's influence/power/control abroad, acquiring territory the belief in or practice of imperialists territorial expansion, and/or political and economic influence //imperialist// -- one who believes in imperialism (one who believes in extending a nation's influence and acquiring territory) //-ism// -- a policy of action or a belief //__Ex:__//
 * U.S. annexation of Hawaii
 * U.S. exerted influence in Venezuala
 * * remember... President James Monroe telling the foreign nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
 * colonization
 * annexation
 * protectorate
 * sphere of influence
 * industrialized nations excerting power and influence over underdeveloped nation's

Motivations for Imperialism

 * resources
 * new markets and customers
 * labor
 * trade
 * pride
 * land
 * set upy military precence, military bases
 * the three G's (God, glory, gold)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">to protect European missionaries in other lands, to spread European values and moral beliefs, to <span style="background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none; border-bottom: darkgreen 0.1em solid; color: darkgreen !important; font-size: 100% !important; font-weight: normal !important; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline !important;">educate peoples of other cultures
 * spreading influence
 * E - economic
 * M - military
 * P - political
 * I - ideology
 * R - religious
 * E - exploratory

Examples of American Imperialism

 * Hawaii -- resources: sugar cane, and location
 * Guam -- military base, resources
 * Philippines -- military/naval base, refueling,
 * Puerto Rico -- military base, resources, market, new trade
 * Panama -- commercilize, to build Panama Canalfor trade
 * Cuba -- military base
 * Venezuala -- political influence
 * Liberia -- military base, cheap labor, resources
 * Virgin Island -- military base
 * Samoa -- navy
 * Guano islands -- military base,

1/6/11 Chapter 20 -- The Emperial Republic

yellow journalism -- exagerrated journalism to sell newspapers "splendid little war" -- Spanish-American War

media type="custom" key="7986840"

1/10/11

What is your thesis of United States History, 1781 to 1915?
From the start of America's first form of government created in 1781, to the start of World War I in 1915, the development of boom and bust within the government became a cyle. Regardless of the success and failures throughout these years, the U.S. had spread it's influence overseas and grew as a powerful nation economically and teritorially.

Partner (Michelle): From 1781 to 1915, the United States goal had been to establish itself as a powerful country within the continous competition for power with other great European or Asian countries. It has balso been about America becoming its own independent nation and being r ecognized as a dominant country.

Group: Throughout the years 1781 to 1915, the United State's shift from agrarian to an industrialized country solidified the country's culture and caused the interest in a greater economic and political influence in foreign affairs.

Mr. Max :

From 1781 to 1915, the United States experienced periods of debate and division, as well as progress and unity, as the country developed its own identity, expanded its territory, argued over interpretations of the Constitution and the slavery issue, industrialized, and emerged as a growing world power.

From 1781 to 1915, the United States grew and developod into a modern industrial world power in which rich, white males of European descent consistently donminated and subjugated women, African and Native Americas, the working class, and, eventually, the residents of other nations.